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Myanmar National Symphony Orchestra
The Myanmar National Symphony Orchestra is the national orchestra of Burma (Myanmar). Founded in 2001, the state-owned Yangon-based orchestra was allowed to give just one public concert of classical music in its first ten years of existence. After the ban was lifted in January 2012, it gave two public performances in July 2012 and made its international debut at Cambodia's Angkor Wat Temple in December 2013.
==History==
Plans to found a symphony orchestra in Myanmar went back to the early 1960s when a group of musicians were sent to study classical music in the Soviet Union.〔Zon Pann Pwint, The Myanmar Times, 2013-01-28〕 But the plans never materialized. About four decades later, in September 2001, with the support of Gen. Khin Nyunt, then a ranking member of the ruling military junta, the country's first symphony orchestra was founded.〔Fujitani, Asahi, 2012-07-09〕 Its members were drawn from the in-house band of state-owned Myanmar Radio and Television (MRTV), students of National University of Arts and Culture, officer musicians of the Myanmar Police Force, and a few foreign musicians.〔
In its early years, the orchestra struggled to find its footing, only training intermittently under the direction of an American musician. It was not until 2004 that the orchestra held its first and invitation-only concert at MRTV's Studio A in Yangon.〔 But the progress was short-lived. In October 2004, its chief patron Khin Nyunt was purged and placed under house arrest. Viewed as a pet project of Khin Nyunt, the orchestra became a taboo, and was banned from holding any high-profile public activities. At one point, government officials went so far as to deny the existence of a national orchestra.〔 The American instructor left shortly after, and the orchestra stopped practicing classical music. For the next several years, it was relegated to performing popular songs or folk music on state television.〔 The only reprieve was in 2007 when the orchestra was allowed to give its first public concert after a successful plea to the government by a group of musicians from Europe. After a period of intensive training, the orchestra finally held its first public concert at the National Theatre in Yangon on 1 April 2007, playing the music of Haydn.〔〔MNA 2007: 2〕 A group of musicians from the Cambridge University also participated.〔 But the concert was a one-time deal, and "the situation turned cold again".〔
The thaw began in January 2012 when Khin Nyunt was freed from house arrest. The government allowed resumption of public activities by the orchestra.〔 In July, under the supervision of Yoshikazu Fukumura, a former conductor of the Kyoto Symphony Orchestra, the orchestra performed two public concerts in Yangon, playing the standards of Mozart and Beethoven. To fill gaps in its personnel, the orchestra had to enlist a few foreign violinists and oboists for the two performances.〔 In all, the orchestra performed three public concerts in its first 12 years of existence.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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